Lindsay Marie Morris

A favorite among Sicilians but lesser known in the U.S., the artichoke's celery-resembling cousin, the cardoon (also known as artichoke thistle), is typically harvested after the first frost. That's when the otherwise bitter leafy green vegetable stalks are at their sweetest, says Westfield, Massachusetts, gardener Chrissy Saraceno.

 

She and her husband, Greg Russian, tend to a half-acre garden and run the Galaxy Gardens YouTube channel to educate aspiring gardeners and homesteaders.

Chrissy was inspired by her grandparents, who came to the U.S. from Melilli, Sicily, in the 1960s. Both had green thumbs and her grandmother gardens to this day. 

Chrissy sees growing cardoons as a way to connect with her Sicilian roots, and she shared more about growing and cooking this unique, tasty vegetable with me.

 

 

Tell us about Galaxy Gardens.

Galaxy Gardens came up through the pandemic. Because I do a lot of gardening, my family kept asking me questions. Eventually, I was like, "You know what? I'm going to put it all in one spot for you, so if you have questions, I have some videos to refer you to so I don't have to keep repeating myself." 

I really enjoy providing free education, so I've continued it. I'd really love to get into consulting in the future.

 

Describe your garden.

We're on about half an acre. Our main raised garden bed area is about 20 feet by 40 feet large. We have 16 raised beds. They're each six feet by three feet and about 11 inches deep. And then we have since foodscaped the rest of our property. So, right around our house, we have horseradishes, gooseberries, and valerian. We've added a couple more beds, and we're about at capacity for our property right now. But it's been really nice since we purchased a home to be able to actually foodscape our property. We have a small orchard in the back as well, and we have some chickens, too. It's been a very involved project the last few years, but now we're fully set up and really just have to worry about maintaining nutrient levels. 

 

What is a cardoon?

A cardoon is in the artichoke family. However, it grows in stalks rather than producing the flower head that you harvest with artichokes. It loves nitrogen; it's a very slow grower. It tends to stay very small until about August or so, and then it'll go through a big growth spurt. So you'll get three- or four-foot tall plants that just keep going until it gets too cold out. And if you wait for the first frost to come and harvest, they tend to be a bit sweeter and slightly less bitter than if you harvest it when it's still warm. 

 

Full-size cardoons. Photo by Galaxy Gardens

 

How did you start growing cardoons?

I really wanted to push our gardening zone limits on our property, which is in a Zone 6B area. Obviously, we get snow here in Massachusetts, but different parts of the property tend to stay warmer than others. 

Over the years, my goal has been to experiment with all these different types of foods and just see what grows best here. I originally wanted to grow artichokes, but artichokes just don't last. Sometimes, we get early falls and a cold snap in September, and cardoons are a little hardier.

 

Why do you like growing them?

Honestly, the easiest, lowest-risk, and highest-reward thing you can grow is garlic. And second to that, now that I've grown it for several seasons, are cardoons. 

If you try lettuce, you can look at it the wrong way when it's a seedling, and it will wilt on you. Cardoons are hardier. They're more forgiving. You just set them and forget them.

They are great if you just want something that's passively growing on the side, and you don't need to give it too much attention until it gets around harvest season. And it's a beautiful landscaping plant. My brother and his wife have it right on the corner of their house. It's this huge, sprawling bunch right now.

You can use the plant not only for landscaping purposes but also so that at the end of the year when you're going to be taking out or cutting down your landscaping plants anyway, you have food for your table.

 

How do you grow and harvest this vegetable?

You can start them inside in April, move them outside, and they'll grow all summer. I harvest them around October or November, and they do okay, even on frosty mornings. 

 

You harvest it like you do celery, where you can cut them at the bottom.

 

We grow the spineless variety. When you harvest it and clean it up, it's very stringy. So it's kind of like stringing beans: You just need to pull the one big string off of it. 

The spineless variety is more tender. After you clean up all the leaves, you just need to prepare it to eat, and you don't have to worry about any really tough textures on it. 

 

Preparing cardoons post-harvest. Photo by Galaxy Gardens

 

What part do you eat?

The main stalk. When you finish processing, it looks like celery. It will grow in bunches, and as you separate the stalks from each other, you just go to the point where it's still thick and malleable, and you can remove the leaves. It has a fuzzy coating, but you can peel that off very easily. So then you'll end up with a four-foot plant with about a foot to a foot and a half stalk in the entire bunch. We grew about 12 plants last year. After processing, we ended up with two gallons of stalks to use. 

 

Can cardoons be eaten raw?

I wouldn't recommend it! To be safe, once you have them harvested and processed, you would just boil them for about 15 to 20 minutes with some lemon juice and salt added to the water. And then, of course, blanch them and add some ice water to stop the cooking process. You can use them from there.

 

Boiling cardoons. Photo by Galaxy Gardens

 

What do they taste like?

The stalks taste like the most tender artichoke you've had. It's just a different texture that you're dealing with. They're sweet and almost a little bit nutty. Pine nuts would go very well with them. 

When you cook cardoons, they really maintain that sweet flavor. It really comes through in anything that you make with them.

 

Blanched cardoons. Photo by Galaxy Gardens

 

What are your favorite ways to prepare them?

I actually have some left over from last year. I was hoping to make a leek-style soup with them, but my go-to is just to batter them. You could bake or fry them and make a nice dip to go with them. It's a really good appetizer. 

 

What advice do you have for someone new to growing cardoons?

Start them inside. It depends on where you live. I have tried directly sowing them, and they actually like more water than you might expect. Cardoons do best in very fluffy and moist soil. By the time they come up, we have chipmunks and squirrels stealing them. So we start them inside. They're very easy. You can directly sow them in a cup, and they sprout within a day or so. We use LED lights that keep things pretty warm. They'll sprout in a couple of days and usually get between six and eight inches tall. But the plants themselves, once they get between two and four leaves, tend to stay there for even a month or two when you start them inside. By the time they're ready to go outside, they're pretty easy to transplant. You don't have to worry about breaking the roots. They're pretty hardy. 

Once you transplant them, you can see where the stalks are already starting to come out. Just stick them so they are standing straight up in the ground and make sure they're well watered. They may wilt slightly in the sun if you are too fast with transitioning them outside. But once they're transplanted, they take a week or so to get established, and they'll grow a little bit more over the next month. They pretty much stay there until about August or September. Then, they decide to take off and continue with most of their growth. 

 

What do you hope people take away from your gardening videos?

Gardening is a lot of work, but it's only as difficult as you make it for yourself. I think a lot of people lack the confidence to experiment with what they're growing. I hope they can see that we are just two regular people. There's nothing too special about the process that we're doing. They can try that at home.

 

 

 

 

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At the back of my Sicilian grandfather's impressive rose and vegetable garden, there stood a cage where, at the end of summer and early autumn, you would find enormous squashes hanging from the trellised roof. Nonno would pick these sometimes five-foot-long fruits, called cucuzzi, and bring them in for Nonna to prepare in a stew. 

A similar cucuzza dish was recently cooked on an episode of PBS's The Great American Recipe by finalist Marcella DiChiara, aka @BostonHomeCooking, who says she's "just a Sicilian girl trying to demystify and simplify the art of cooking."

Marcella and I sat down to chat about her Great American Recipe experience and the Sicilian art of growing and cooking cucuzzi. 

 

 

What is your background?

My parents were both born in Sicily. My mother is from Siracusa, and my father is from the Province of Catania, a really small town right outside of Catania called Palagonia. My dad did not come to this country until much later in life, in his early thirties, maybe very late twenties. My mother came when she was 10.

My mom speaks perfect English, but my father, Luigi, not so much. They live in Connecticut, which has a pretty large population of Italians, particularly Sicilians. 

I've been an avid cook my whole life. I've no formal training whatsoever. 

 

You were a finalist on The Great American Recipe. Tell us about that experience.

I made it to the finale, which was really exciting. One of the last dishes you make before the finale is something called "Your Recipe DNA." And it's supposed to be a dish that literally defines who you are both culturally and spiritually.

So, for me, there was absolutely no question that I was going to make cucuzza. And I was probably, in the same token, going to be introducing many, many people to this idea of this gourd. 

Most people don't know what it is. It's not found anywhere in groceries or even at most farmer's markets. It's not found. And really, the only way you can come across cucuzza is if you grow them or you have an uncle or grandfather who grows them. 

I knew the culinary producers would not be able to find a cucuzza for me. They told me, "I'm sorry, you're going to need to come up with an alternative dish. This isn't going to work for us." We don't know what that is, and we can't find it. 

So I said, "If I can get my hands on one and have it shipped, may I use it?" 

They said, "Good luck finding one."

This was in October, so we were at the end of the growing season. I called a million places, and I found J. Louis Liuzza of Liuzza's Cucuzza Farm in Independence, Louisiana. I messaged him on Facebook. He next-day air-mailed the most beautiful cucuzza I've ever seen in a wooden crate to the show. 

I was so happy that I was able to prepare this dish on national television, which was really a really unique opportunity and a really sort of proud moment for me culturally from my perspective of growing up with this food, which, to me, is just synonymous with love and health and healing and history and simplicity. I mean everything that you would think of when you think of Sicilian culture; I just can't think of a better representation in one food that sort of encompasses all of that.

 

What cucuzza dish did you make on the show?

I made a classic cucuzza stew with broken spaghetti, tomatoes, potatoes. I really wanted the essence of the squash itself to stand and speak for itself without overcomplicating it. Because to me, even though there are myriad ways you can prepare cucuzza, this was the way that I remembered it as a kid. And so I wanted to make sure that I kind of did that process justice just by presenting it in its simplest form.

 

How was your cucuzza recipe received by The Great American Recipe judges?

Well, I made one of the judges, Francis Lam, cry. Tiffany Derry, a restaurateur, has been to Sicily, so she had heard of it but never tasted it. Tim Hollingsworth, a famous chef from L.A., had never had it either.

It was greatly received. I won that round. 

The show is not a cutthroat competition. It's really more about showcasing how food connects us in America because we are a melting pot. We are made up of so many different cultures and so many different traditions. And food is sort of that common denominator. Even though we all have different traditions and flavor profiles, it's what kind of brings us all together. 

I think the way I expressed my excitement for the cucuzza and the joy it brought me, that storyline… They liked that. 

 

How did you land on the show?

I was contacted by a casting agent out of L.A. who happened to stumble across my Instagram. They were looking for different pockets in different regions of the country to ensure that they had good, well-rounded representation. My Instagram handle is @BostonHomeCooking, and they were trying to check that New England box. So it just happened to be really good luck.

 

You say you geek out about cucuzzi.

People laugh. So many people have tasted cucuzza for the first time because of me. It's just my love language. It's weird. I know it's a weird obsession, but I do love it.

 

Do you grow your own cucuzza plants?

I did this year, yes. 

Every year, I go on this pilgrimage to find cucuzza somewhere. Somebody's got to be growing it. One of my uncles, one of my cousins, whoever it is. But because we live in New England, and this is a very sensitive squash that requires a lot of heat and a good setup, some seasons they would yield a lot and others they wouldn't.

I was just so tired every year of begging to people for their cucuzzas. So I just decided that I was going to just grow them myself. Fortunately, I had an excellent growing season this year. I think I yielded six, and I still have two more on the vine, which is a lot for the space that I allotted. 

 

What's your cucuzza-growing set-up?

I used netting initially for the vines to climb, just to facilitate the climbing. There's a couple ways you could do it. You do not need anything fancy. You could grow snake squash on the ground. 

It does not need to be elevated. The only reason why people do that is because it grows straight. When it's on the ground, it's really going to be formless, and that's when you get a lot of those spiral ones. 

I wanted mine straight though. I had a vision in mind, and so I used some netting. What I did was I took one of my kids' old soccer nets that they were no longer using, cut it into pieces, and hung it down from the top of a pergola. It kind of grew up from there, and then it grew so out of control that it was over the fence, well into my neighbor's yard. He's the nicest guy and very tolerant of my hobby.

I think my biggest one was almost four feet long, and it was hanging in his yard. He had no idea what it was. As a thank you, I'm going to make him and his wife a pot of cucuzza stew just to say thanks. 

You said your father grew cucuzza plants when you were a kid.

My dad had a very elaborate, thriving garden and still does, but because they spend time in Italy, he can't really go too crazy. 

To the cousins and family members that I have in Italy, getting excited about cucuzza would be the equivalent of getting excited about a piece of gum. They're just like, "Okay, calm down."

"It's not that deep," my son says.

 

It is to me!

My daughter is 15, and I've made it my life's work as her mother to teach her how to make this dish because I am scared that this will sort of get watered out of our cultural identity. 

For me, it's very important to make sure that I continue those traditions with her and to emphasize how important it is for her to do the same.

 

Where do you get your cucuzza seeds?

So, my dad brought me some Sicilian seeds, but to be honest with you, the best seeds I got were from my contact in Louisiana. My dad's are this monochromatic lime green—nothing special, but the three-tone from Louisiana… It's almost like tie-dyed or tiger-striped. I've never seen it in Sicily, and neither has my father. 

 

How long does a cucuzza take to harvest?

I indoor plant my seeds in April. They sprout very quickly. Within two weeks, they're about six to 12 inches tall. From there, once they can sort of stand on their own, I then plant them in ground or in my raised garden bed. And it's a very quick growth in terms of leaves and vines, but the cucuzza themselves didn't start growing until July.

It's all temperature-dependent. Our summers don't start to get very hot in New England until mid-July, and the cucuzza is a very heat-loving plant. Once you get past the six inch mark, you're past the danger zone. You'll get 30 or 40 little ones that are maybe four or six inches, and they'll die on the vine, shrivel up, and die. 

If you are having problems producing at all, it might mean that you don't have any insects pollinating for you. So you can self-pollinate. You can take a Q-tip. Or if you're really rustic, you just rip the flower off and [rub the male and female flowers together]. I did that for a few flowers, but most of the ones that grew, I didn't have to do.

It sounds intimidating, but it's really not. You've just got to water them every day, and you to have a good hot summer, which is why Sicily is the perfect island to grow them on.

 

Is there a secret to growing a bountiful cucuzza harvest?

There's all kinds of wives tales about what you should add to your soil. My dad is adamant that he takes the old espresso grinds from his coffee machine and then sprinkles them into the soil, which I did that. I have no idea if that really does anything. I also use manure just to sort of naturally fertilize and that's it.

 

How do you store cucuzzi after harvesting?

They don't all come out at once. They're very scattered in terms of the rate of growth and production. I prepare one almost immediately, and then a week later, another one will be ready to pick, and another. So it is spread out.

The best way to maintain your stash would be to cut it, peel it, and blanche it. Then drain it, airtight it, and then freeze it. 

 

What's the texture and taste of cucuzza versus zucchini?

I always have the hardest time describing cucuzza to people. It's not like a zucchini. Zucchini, to me, does not have a sweet undertone at all. This does, and it's almost like the texture and consistency of what you'd have if you were to cook a cucumber.

Zucchini has a very distinct, almost earthy flavor, whereas a cucuzza, to me, tastes like candy.

My kids are like, "Do you know what candy tastes like?"

Maybe that's the wrong word for them. But when I say that, I just mean the sweetness. You really don't have to do much in terms of enhancing it.

 

What are some ways to cook cucuzzi?

The classic way is just the stew, which ironically is a soup essentially, and nobody would ever think that you would eat soup in the summer, particularly in Sicily, when it can be upwards of 110 [degrees Fahrenheit]. But they do. It's like this weird exception where they just eat it in the summer. 

 

What I've been learning from some cucuzza Facebook groups is that down south, they marry it quite often with shrimp, which is something I had never done or thought to do. They almost do a jambalaya-type dish.

 

I like it fried, just straight-up fried with a little balsamic vinegar, and then obviously the pasta. I make different versions of it. I'll add sweet potatoes just to give it a different flavor profile. 

 

When you share your love for growing and cooking cucuzza, what do you hope people take away?

I hope people are open to the idea of connecting to produce that is so indigenous to such a small island and appreciate its uniqueness because it is not plentiful where we are here in the United States. I want them to appreciate it in a way that you wouldn't necessarily give a regular vine vegetable. It's really a marvel.

 

>>Get Marcella's Cucuzza stew recipe here!<<

 

 

 

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